Coding the Schema and Model

Now we now how to create a schema and model the data, Let's code the schema and model for the User collection.

User Schema

import mongoose from "mongoose";
 
const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema(
  {
    name: {
      type: String,
      required: true,
      unqiue: true,
      lowercase: true,
    },
    email: {
      type: String,
      required: true,
      unique: true,
      lowercase: true,
    },
    password: {
      type: String,
      required: [true, "Password is required"], // Validation with custom message ✅
    },
  },
  { timestamps: true }
);

Sub-Todo Schema

import mongoose from "mongoose";
 
const subTodoSchema = new mongoose.Schema(
  {
    content: {
      type: String,
      required: true,
    },
    completed: {
      type: Boolean,
      default: false,
    },
    createdBy: {
      // We are linking the sub-todo to the user who created it
      type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId,
      ref: "User",
    },
  },
  { timestamps: true }
);
 
export const SubTodo = mongoose.model("SubTodo", subTodoSchema);

Todo Schema

import mongoose from "mongoose";
 
const Todo = new mongoose.Schema(
  {
    content: {
      type: String,
      required: true,
    },
    completed: {
      type: Boolean,
      default: false,
    },
    createdBy: {
      type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId,
      ref: "User",
    },
    subTodos: [
      {
        type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId,
        ref: "SubTodo",
      },
    ],
  },
  { timestamps: true }
);

Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned how to create a schema and model the data using Mongoose. We also learned how to create a schema for a nested document and reference it in another schema. We will use these schemas to create a REST API in the next lesson.

Getting Started Code